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石家河文化玉人珮：史前巫傩信仰与玉作艺术的巅峰遗存

时间：2026-05-09来源：网络作者：admin

石家河文化玉人珮：史前巫傩信仰与玉作艺术的巅峰遗存

 

在中国史前玉器文明的璀璨星河中，石家河文化玉人珮以其独特的造型、神秘的内涵与精湛的工艺，成为长江中游史前玉文化的杰出代表。这件玉人珮以温润的玉料雕琢而成，采用立体圆雕技法塑造出巫傩形象，将石家河先民的神灵崇拜、巫傩文化与治玉技艺融为一体，在玉质的流转间诉说着“以玉通神、以形载魂、以器传礼”的史前玉文化逻辑，既是石家河玉器的典范之作，更是长江中游史前文明的珍贵遗存。

 

In the brilliant galaxy of prehistoric Chinese jade civilization, the Shijiahe Culture jade human pendant, with its unique shape, mysterious connotations and exquisite craftsmanship, has become an outstanding representative of prehistoric jade culture in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Carved from warm jade material using three-dimensional round carving techniques to shape a wu-nuo figure, it integrates the deity worship, wu-nuo culture and jade-making skills of Shijiahe ancestors. Between the flow of jade material, it conveys the prehistoric jade culture logic of "communicating with gods through jade, carrying the soul through form, and passing on rituals through artifacts". It is not only a model work of Shijiahe jade ware, but also a precious relic of prehistoric civilization in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.

从形制与造型维度审视，这件玉人珮尽显“巫傩神韵、史前风骨”的石家河玉器特质。玉人珮整体呈立式，造型规整，线条简练而富有张力，玉质温润细腻，因年代久远形成深浅不一的土黄色沁斑，如同岁月镌刻的印记，为器物增添了古朴厚重的历史韵味。人物形象采用立体圆雕技法雕琢，头戴高冠，冠部呈方形，顶部略平，是石家河玉人典型的冠饰特征；面部轮廓清晰，双眼微凸，鼻梁挺直，嘴角微扬，神态肃穆而神秘，传递出巫傩祭祀时的庄重气质；双耳处雕刻穿孔，耳部下方另有圆形钻孔，用于穿系佩戴，孔道光滑圆润，展现出史前先民高超的钻孔技艺。玉人肩部两侧雕刻翼状装饰，与耳部穿孔形成呼应，整体造型对称均衡，线条流畅，尽显石家河玉器“形神兼备、以简驭繁”的美学理念。每一处轮廓的雕琢、每一条线条的刻画，都凝聚着史前工匠的匠心，成为解析石家河玉器造型与工艺的核心物质纽带。

 

From the perspective of form and modeling, this jade human pendant fully demonstrates the characteristics of Shijiahe jade ware: "wu-nuo charm and prehistoric character". The jade human pendant is vertical in shape with a regular form, concise lines and rich tension. The jade is warm and delicate, with varying shades of earth-yellow patina formed over time, like marks engraved by time, adding a simple and profound historical charm to the artifact. The human figure is carved using three-dimensional round carving techniques, wearing a high crown with a square shape and a slightly flat top, a typical crown feature of Shijiahe jade figures. The facial outline is clear, with slightly protruding eyes, a straight nose, and a slightly raised mouth, presenting a solemn and mysterious expression that conveys the solemn temperament of wu-nuo sacrifices. Perforations are carved on both ears, with another round perforation below the ears for wearing, with smooth and round channels, showing the superb drilling skills of prehistoric ancestors. Wing-like decorations are carved on both sides of the jade figure's shoulders, echoing the ear perforations. The overall shape is symmetrical and balanced with smooth lines, fully showing the aesthetic concept of Shijiahe jade ware of "combining form and spirit, and controlling complexity with simplicity". Every carved outline and every depicted line condense the ingenuity of prehistoric craftsmen, becoming a core material link for analyzing the modeling and craftsmanship of Shijiahe jade ware.

 

工艺与文化内涵层面，这件玉人珮承载着“玉为礼器、人为巫觋、工为匠心”的创作追求。石家河文化时期，巫傩信仰盛行，玉器被视为沟通天地、祭祀神灵的重要媒介，玉人形象多为巫觋或神灵的化身，承载着先民的信仰与祈愿。这件玉人珮采用的立体圆雕技法，是石家河玉器的典型工艺，工匠以原始工具在坚硬的玉石上雕琢出立体的人物形象，细节刻画入微，展现出高超的技艺水平。玉人珮的受沁痕迹，是玉器历经数千年埋藏形成的自然变化，不仅不影响玉质的温润，反而为器物增添了历史的厚重感，成为岁月的见证。尤为精妙的是，玉人珮的造型与纹饰，既体现了先民对神灵的敬畏，也展现了他们对美的独特理解，对称的造型与流畅的线条，无不彰显出史前先民的审美能力。作为石家河文化玉器的代表，这件玉人珮不仅是一件装饰品，更是史前巫傩文化与礼制的载体，为研究石家河文化的社会结构、宗教信仰与艺术水平提供了重要的实物资料。每一道轮廓的雕琢、每一处受沁的痕迹，都在无声诉说着史前先民的信仰与追求，使这件作品兼具艺术审美与历史研究的双重价值。

 

In terms of craftsmanship and cultural connotation, this jade human pendant embodies the creative pursuit of "jade as a ritual vessel, human as a shaman, and craftsmanship as ingenuity". During the Shijiahe Culture period, wu-nuo belief prevailed, and jade ware was regarded as an important medium for communicating with heaven and earth and sacrificing to gods. Jade human figures were mostly incarnations of shamans or gods, carrying the beliefs and wishes of ancestors. The three-dimensional round carving technique used in this jade human pendant is typical of Shijiahe jade ware. Craftsmen carved three-dimensional human figures on hard jade with primitive tools, with detailed depiction, showing superb skill levels. The patina marks on the jade human pendant are natural changes formed after thousands of years of burial, which do not affect the warmth of the jade, but add a sense of historical heaviness to the artifact, becoming a witness to time. What is particularly exquisite is the shape and decoration of the jade human pendant, which not only reflects the ancestors' awe of gods, but also shows their unique understanding of beauty. The symmetrical shape and smooth lines all reflect the aesthetic ability of prehistoric ancestors. As a representative of Shijiahe Culture jade ware, this jade human pendant is not only an ornament, but also a carrier of prehistoric wu-nuo culture and rituals, providing important physical materials for studying the social structure, religious beliefs and artistic level of Shijiahe Culture. Every carved outline and every patina mark silently tell thebeliefs and pursuits of prehistoric ancestors, making this work have dual values of artistic aesthetics and historical research.

 

文化与收藏价值维度看，这件石家河文化玉人珮是长江中游史前文明与巫傩文化的“微观镜像”。石家河文化是中国长江中游地区重要的史前文化，其玉器以独特的造型、神秘的内涵与精湛的工艺著称，这件玉人珮正是石家河玉器的典型器物，见证了石家河文化的辉煌。在当代收藏与研究领域，史前玉器因其稀缺性与历史价值，备受藏家与学者的青睐，这件玉人珮玉质优良，造型独特，工艺精湛，品相完好，是兼具艺术价值、历史价值与收藏价值的珍品。它不仅是一件玉器，更是连接史前文明与当代世界的文化纽带，每一次观赏，都是一次与石家河先民的对话，感受史前玉文化的魅力与巫傩信仰的神秘内涵。同时，作为石家河文化的重要遗存，它对于研究中国玉文化的起源与发展、史前巫傩文化与礼制的形成与演变，都具有不可估量的学术价值。

 

From the perspective of cultural and collection value, this Shijiahe Culture jade human pendant is a "micro mirror" of prehistoric civilization and wu-nuo culture in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Shijiahe Culture is an important prehistoric culture in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in China, and its jade ware is famous for its unique shape, mysterious connotations and exquisite craftsmanship. This jade human pendant is a typical artifact of Shijiahe jade ware, witnessing the glory of Shijiahe Culture. In the contemporary field of collection and research, prehistoric jade ware is highly favored by collectors and scholars due to its scarcity and historical value. This jade human pendant has excellent jade quality, unique shape, exquisite craftsmanship and good condition, making it a treasure with artistic, historical and collection values. It is not only a jade artifact, but also a cultural link connecting prehistoric civilization and the contemporary world. Every appreciation is a dialogue with Shijiahe ancestors, feeling the charm of prehistoric jade culture and the mysterious connotation of wu-nuo belief. At the same time, as an important relic of Shijiahe Culture, it has immeasurable academic value for studying the origin and development of Chinese jade culture and the formation and evolution of prehistoric wu-nuo culture and rituals.

 

当我们凝视这件石家河文化玉人珮，温润的玉质与神秘的巫傩形象在眼前交融，史前工匠的匠心与石家河先民的信仰在方寸间碰撞，仿佛能感受到石家河先民对神灵的敬畏与对美的追求，体会到史前玉文化的独特魅力。这件作品不仅是石家河玉器的典范之作，更是长江中游史前文明的珍贵遗存，在玉质的温润流转间静静散发着史前文明的光芒，以其独特的形制与文化内涵，让每一位观者都能读懂这份藏在玉珮间的石家河密码，感受那份融于玉中的历史传承与艺术魅力。

 

When we gaze at this Shijiahe Culture jade human pendant, the warm jade texture and mysterious wu-nuo figure blend before our eyes. The ingenuity of prehistoric craftsmen and the beliefs of Shijiahe ancestors collide in a small space. It is as if we can feel the awe of Shijiahe ancestors for gods and their pursuit of beauty, experiencing the unique charm of prehistoric jade culture. This work is not only a model of Shijiahe jade ware, but also a precious relic of prehistoric civilization in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It quietly exudes the light of prehistoric civilization in the warm flow of jade material. With its unique form and cultural connotation, it allows every viewer to understand the Shijiahe code hidden in the jade pendant and feel the historical inheritance and artistic charm integrated into the jade.

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